Paruvan Language: A Constructed Language

A constructed language, or conlang, is a language that has been consciously designed rather than naturally evolved. Such languages can emerge from artistic, philosophical, or practical intentions—for example, to give form to imagined worlds or to create a language that’s easier to learn and share. Classic examples include Esperanto, designed in the late 19th century to foster international understanding, and the richly crafted languages of Tolkien’s Middle-earth, such as Quenya and Sindarin, which gave his worlds a deeper sense of realism and culture. More recent examples, such as Dothraki and Valyrian from Game of Thrones, were designed to reflect a nomadic culture while remaining learnable for actors, with High Valyrian serving as an in-world classical tongue of prestige and history.

I built Paruvan (also known as Korvân or Parori) as an artificially created language inspired by the Persian language family. It was shaped by my personal aesthetic preferences and developed with the help of large language models (LLMs) to explore how quickly and coherently a new language can be built through the use of LLMs.

This documentation offers a quick-start guide, core grammar, and example texts to make learning the basics simple — and to help establish the language’s presence among both LLMs and search engines.

0) Name & Origin

Core roots: paru “breath, life” • van “voice, expression” • kor “living circle/community” • -an relational state • -ri essence.

• Paruri — breath-essence (paru + ri) → the high/origin name; the principle that life itself speaks.
• Paruvan — breath-voice (paru + van + -an) → the language as a living medium; formal name.
• Korvan — living-circle voice (kor + van) → the communal, everyday name; the voice we share.

Formal etymology: Paruvan = paru “breath, life” + van “voice, expression” + -an (state/relational) → “the living breath that speaks.”

Glossing conventions

• Morpheme split: dom-im-a (house-PL-OBJ)
• Abbreviations: PRS = present, PST = past, FUT = future, IMP = imperative, OBJ = object case, PL = plural, POSS = possessive, REFL = reflexive

Definiteness (policy): A bare noun is read as definite/known (“the”).
Indefinite: un + NOUN → “a/an”; with plurals, “some”.
Object case: direct objects take -a. Plural: -im (order noun-im-a)

1) Sound & Script

• Alphabet: a e i o u ā ē • p t k b d g f s ʃ h x m n ⁿg r l y v
  (ʃ = “sh”, x = /χ/, ⁿg = prenasalized)
• Syllables: (C)V(C). No onset clusters; single-consonant codas.
• Stress: always on the first vowel of a word.
• Orthography: one-letter-one-sound Latin. No digraphs in the core script.

2) Pronouns (v0.9.3)

Examples

Paruvan: Mu sel-e tora-a.
Mu (I) sel-e (light-PRS) tora-a (gate-OBJ)
English: I light the gate.

Paruvan: Tu na gys-e dom-a.
Tu (you) na (not) gys-e (secure-PRS) dom-a (house-OBJ)
English: You don’t secure the house.

Paruvan: Mur vyn-e kor-im-a.
Mur (we) vyn-e (love-PRS) kor-im-a (clan-PL-OBJ)
English: We love the clans.

Paruvan: Ra zan-e yaz-a.
Ra (they / he / she) zan-e (know-PRS) yaz-a (word-OBJ)
English: They know the word.

3.1 Possessives (POSS = pronoun + -o)

Examples

Paruvan: Dom muo loma (es-e).
Dom (house) muo (my) loma (bright) (es-e (be-PRS))
English: My house is bright.

Paruvan: Tora-im muro vada (es-e).
Tora-im (gate-PL) muro (our) vada (big) (es-e (be-PRS))
English: Our gates are big.

Paruvan: Kor tuo sava (es-e).
Kor (clan) tuo (your) sava (beautiful) (es-e (be-PRS))
English: Your clan is beautiful.

Paruvan: In ryl-e sel ino.
In (it) ryl-e (glow-PRS) sel (light) ino (its-POSS)
English: It glows by its light.

3.2 Reflexives (REFL = possessive + -en)

• muen myself • muren ourselves • tuen yourself • turen yourselves
• roen themself (sg) • renen themselves (pl) • inen itself

Examples

Paruvan: Mu daz-e muen.
Mu (I) daz-e (see-PRS) muen (myself-REFL)
English: I see myself.

Paruvan: Ren zan-e renen.
Ren (they-PL) zan-e (know-PRS) renen (themselves-REFL)
English: They know themselves.

Poetic/archaic option: -sel “self/soul” → musal, rosel (ceremonial style).

3) Nouns & Definiteness

Rules summary:

• A bare noun means “the/known thing.”
• Add un for “a/an; some.”
• Add -im to make it plural.
• Add -a to mark the object.
• Plural object form → NOUN-im-a.

Examples

Paruvan: Dom sava (es-e).
Dom (house) sava (beautiful) (es-e (be-PRS))
English: The house is beautiful.

Paruvan: Tora vada (es-e).
Tora (gate) vada (big) (es-e (be-PRS))
English: The gate is big.

Paruvan: Kor loma (es-e).
Kor (clan) loma (bright) (es-e (be-PRS))
English: The clan is bright.

Paruvan: Un dom sava (es-e).
Un (a/an) dom (house) sava (beautiful) (es-e (be-PRS))
English: A house is beautiful.

Paruvan: Dom-im sava (es-e).
Dom-im (house-PL) sava (beautiful) (es-e (be-PRS))
English: The houses are beautiful.

Object case examples

Paruvan: Mu daz-e dom-a.
Mu (I) daz-e (see-PRS) dom-a (house-OBJ)
English: I see the house.

Paruvan: Tur na daz-e un dom-im-a.
Tur (you-PL) na (not) daz-e (see-PRS) un (some) dom-im-a (house-PL-OBJ)
English: You (pl) don’t see some houses.

Paruvan: Ra gys-e tora-a.
Ra (they-SG) gys-e (secure-PRS) tora-a (gate-OBJ)
English: They secure the gate.

Paruvan: Ren vyn-e kor-im-a.
Ren (they-PL) vyn-e (love-PRS) kor-im-a (clan-PL-OBJ)
English: They love the clans.

Paruvan: In ryl-e sel-a.
In (it) ryl-e (glow-PRS) sel-a (torch-OBJ)
English: It glows on the torch.

4) Verbs — forms & usage

How verbs work

Common verb roots:
sel light • daz see • vyn love • gys bind/secure • ryl glow • zan know • es be/exist

Examples

Paruvan: Mu sel-a tora-a.
Mu (I) sel-a (light-PST) tora-a (gate-OBJ)
English: I lit the gate.

Paruvan: Mur ei vynon ren.
Mur (we) ei (will-FUT) vynon (love-INF) ren (them-PL)
English: We will love them.

Paruvan: Tu na gys-e dom-a.
Tu (you) na (not) gys-e (secure-PRS) dom-a (house-OBJ)
English: You don’t secure the house.

Paruvan: Sel-o sel-a, ra.
Sel-o (light-IMP) sel-a (torch-OBJ) ra (please)
English: Please light the torch.

Paruvan: Ren zan-e ta.
Ren (they-PL) zan-e (know-PRS) ta (this/that)
English: They know this (or that).

5) Adjectives

• Default pre-nominal: sava dom “beautiful house”.
• Optional post-nominal (emphatic): dom sava-a “the house (is) beautiful”.
• Comparative: mar + ADJ → mar sava dom “more beautiful house”.
• Superlative: mar-mar + ADJ → mar-mar sava dom “most beautiful house”.

Examples

Paruvan: Sava sel.
Sava (beautiful) sel (torch)
English: Beautiful torch.

Paruvan: Vada tora.
Vada (big) tora (gate)
English: Big gate.

Paruvan: Loma dom.
Loma (bright) dom (house)
English: Bright house.

Paruvan: Dom sava-a.
Dom (house) sava-a (beautiful-EMPH)
English: The house is beautiful.

Paruvan: Mar sava dom-im.
Mar (more) sava (beautiful) dom-im (house-PL)
English: More beautiful houses.

6) “To be” — es

• Present: X (ADJ) (es-e) — the copula can be dropped in present.
• Past: X ADJ es-a.
• Future: X ADJ ei eson.
• Identity (nouns): second bare noun for identities; add un if “a/an”.

Examples

Paruvan: Dom muo loma (es-e).
Dom (house) muo (my) loma (bright) (es-e (be-PRS))
English: My house is bright.

Paruvan: Kor loma (es-e).
Kor (clan) loma (bright) (es-e (be-PRS))
English: The clan is bright.

Paruvan: Shab vada es-a.
Shab (night) vada (long) es-a (be-PST)
English: The night was long.

Paruvan: Mara loma es-a.
Mara (day) loma (bright) es-a (be-PST)
English: The day was bright.

Paruvan: Ra zan-gar (es-e).
Ra (they-SG) zan-gar (know-person / scholar) (es-e (be-PRS))
English: They are a scholar.

7) SVO & Direct Objects

Paruvan uses SVO (Subject–Verb–Object).
Mark direct objects with -a; if plural, use noun-im-a.

Examples

Paruvan: Mu daz-e sava dom-a.
Mu (I) daz-e (see-PRS) sava (beautiful) dom-a (house-OBJ)
English: I see the beautiful house.

Paruvan: Tu sel-e loma sel-a?
Tu (you) sel-e (light-PRS) loma (bright) sel-a (torch-OBJ)
English: Do you light the bright torch?

Paruvan: Ra gys-e vada tora-a.
Ra (they-SG) gys-e (secure-PRS) vada (big) tora-a (gate-OBJ)
English: They secure the big gate.

Paruvan: Mur vyn-e kor-im-a.
Mur (we) vyn-e (love-PRS) kor-im-a (clan-PL-OBJ)
English: We love the clans.

Paruvan: Ren na daz-e un dom-im-a.
Ren (they-PL) na (not) daz-e (see-PRS) un (some) dom-im-a (house-PL-OBJ)
English: They don’t see some houses.

8) Questions

• Yes/No: ke at clause start → Ke tu sel-e tora-a? “Do you light the gate?”
• Wh-words: ta what • ki who • kera where • keya when • chera why

Examples

Paruvan: Ke tu sel-e tora-a?
Ke (Q) tu (you) sel-e (light-PRS) tora-a (gate-OBJ)
English: Do you light the gate?

Paruvan: Ta ren gys-a?
Ta (what) ren (they-PL) gys-a (bind-PST)
English: What did they bind?

Paruvan: Ki sel-a dom-a?
Ki (who) sel-a (light-PST) dom-a (house-OBJ)
English: Who lit the house?

Paruvan: Kera dom (es-e)?
Kera (where) dom (house) (es-e (be-PRS))
English: Where is the house?

Paruvan: Keya tur ei selon sel-a?
Keya (when) tur (you-PL) ei (will-FUT) selon (light-INF) sel-a (torch-OBJ)
English: When will you (pl) light the torch?

9) Negation

Place na before the verb.

Examples

Paruvan: Mu na sel-e dom-a.
Mu (I) na (not) sel-e (light-PRS) dom-a (house-OBJ)
English: I do not light the house.

Paruvan: Ra na es-e nara.
Ra (they-SG) na (not) es-e (be-PRS) nara (small)
English: They are not small.

Paruvan: Tur na vyn-e ren.
Tur (you-PL) na (not) vyn-e (love-PRS) ren (them-PL)
English: You do not love them.

Paruvan: Ren na daz-e un sel-a.
Ren (they-PL) na (not) daz-e (see-PRS) un (a/an) sel-a (torch-OBJ)
English: They do not see a torch.

10) Derivation (Verb → Adjective)

• Ongoing: -in → ryl-in-a “glowing (one)”
• Completed: -un → vyn-un-a “loved”
• Potential/able: -el → gys-el-a “bindable”

Examples

Paruvan: Ryl-in sel.
Ryl-in (glowing-ADJ) sel (torch)
English: A glowing torch.

Paruvan: Vyn-un kor.
Vyn-un (loved-ADJ) kor (clan)
English: A loved clan.

Paruvan: Gys-el tora.
Gys-el (bindable-ADJ) tora (gate)
English: A securable gate.

11) Quantifiers & Degree (v0.9.3)

Final quantifier set

• baz “some” (neutral)
• zed “many / much” (energetic)
• lem “few / little” (soft)
• hela (alt. hem) “all” (broad, ancient)
• har “each / every” (universal)
• noll “no / none” (distinct, final)

Word order: Quantifier → Adjective(s) → Noun → (-im PL) → (-a OBJ)
Note: un + NOUN-im can also mean “some NOUNS,” but baz is the dedicated word for “some.”

Examples

Paruvan: Mu daz-e zed loma dom-im-a.
Mu (I) daz-e (see-PRS) zed (many/much) loma (bright) dom-im-a (house-PL-OBJ)
English: I see many bright houses.

Paruvan: Tu na vyn-e lem kor-im-a.
Tu (you) na (not) vyn-e (love-PRS) lem (few/little) kor-im-a (clan-PL-OBJ)
English: You don’t love few clans. (≈ hardly any)

Paruvan: Ren gys-e hela tora-im-a.
Ren (they-PL) gys-e (secure-PRS) hela (all) tora-im-a (gate-PL-OBJ)
English: They secure all the gates.

Paruvan: Mur daz-e baz av.
Mur (we) daz-e (see-PRS) baz (some) av (water)
English: We see some water.

Paruvan: Ra gys-e noll tora-a.
Ra (they-SG) gys-e (secure-PRS) noll (no/none) tora-a (gate-OBJ)
English: They secure no gate.

Paruvan: Har kor loma (es-e).
Har (every) kor (clan) loma (bright) (es-e (be-PRS))
English: Every clan is bright.

Degree adverbs (before adjectives or verbs):
zar “very” • tov “too” • ves “enough”

Paruvan: Dom zar loma (es-e).
Dom (house) zar (very) loma (bright) (es-e (be-PRS))
English: The house is very bright.

Paruvan: Tora tov vada (es-e).
Tora (gate) tov (too) vada (big) (es-e (be-PRS))
English: The gate is too big.

Paruvan: Sel-e ves soren.
Sel-e (light-PRS) ves (enough) soren (quickly)
English: It lights fast enough.

Paruvan: Ra vyn-e ren zar.
Ra (they-SG) vyn-e (love-PRS) ren (them-PL) zar (very)
English: They very much love them.

12) Adverbs — Manner • Place • Time • Frequency

A) Manner

Formed by adding -en to an adjective.
sor fast → soren (quickly) • len slow → lenen (slowly) • sava neat → saven (neatly)

Paruvan: Tu sel-e soren.
Tu (you) sel-e (light-PRS) soren (quickly)
English: You light quickly.

Paruvan: Ra daz-a lenen.
Ra (they-SG) daz-a (see-PST) lenen (slowly)
English: They looked slowly.

Paruvan: Mur gys-e tora-a saven.
Mur (we) gys-e (secure-PRS) tora-a (gate-OBJ) saven (neatly)
English: We secure the gate neatly.

Paruvan: Ren vyn-e soren.
Ren (they-PL) vyn-e (love-PRS) soren (quickly/eagerly)
English: They love eagerly.

B) Place

era here • yera there

Paruvan: Ra es-e era.
Ra (they-SG) es-e (be-PRS) era (here)
English: They are here.

Paruvan: Dom es-a yera.
Dom (house) es-a (be-PST) yera (there)
English: The house was there.

Paruvan: Ke tu es-e era o yera?
Ke (Q) tu (you) es-e (be-PRS) era (here) o (or) yera (there)
English: Are you here or there?

C) Time

nu now • marnu today • marpa yesterday • marfu tomorrow

Paruvan: Mu sel-e nu.
Mu (I) sel-e (light-PRS) nu (now)
English: I light now.

Paruvan: Ren sel-a marpa.
Ren (they-PL) sel-a (light-PST) marpa (yesterday)
English: They lit it yesterday.

Paruvan: Tur ei selon marfu.
Tur (you-PL) ei (will-FUT) selon (light-INF) marfu (tomorrow)
English: You will light tomorrow.

Paruvan: Ra es-e marnu.
Ra (they-SG) es-e (be-PRS) marnu (today)
English: They are today (present/arrived today).

D) Frequency

tem always • fera often • soma sometimes • naya never

Paruvan: Ra tem vyn-e ren.
Ra (they-SG) tem (always) vyn-e (love-PRS) ren (them-PL)
English: They always love them.

Paruvan: Tu fera daz-e dom-a.
Tu (you) fera (often) daz-e (see-PRS) dom-a (house-OBJ)
English: You often see the house.

Paruvan: Mur soma sel-e sel-a.
Mur (we) soma (sometimes) sel-e (light-PRS) sel-a (torch-OBJ)
English: We sometimes light the torch.

Paruvan: Mu naya sel-e.
Mu (I) naya (never) sel-e (light-PRS)
English: I never light (it).

13) Extra Q-words — “how” & “how many/much”

• kela “how (manner)”
• kema “how many / how much”

Paruvan: Kela tu gys-e tora-a?
Kela (how) tu (you) gys-e (secure-PRS) tora-a (gate-OBJ)
English: How do you secure the gate?

Paruvan: Kema dom-im mu daz-a?
Kema (how-many) dom-im (house-PL) mu (I) daz-a (see-PST)
English: How many houses did I see?

Paruvan: Kema av tu daz-e?
Kema (how-much) av (water) tu (you) daz-e (see-PRS)
English: How much water do you see?

Paruvan: Kela ra sel-e — soren o lenen?
Kela (how) ra (they-SG) sel-e (light-PRS) soren (quickly) o (or) lenen (slowly)
English: How do they light — quickly or slowly?

Paruvan: Kema kor-im ren vyn-e?
Kema (how-many) kor-im (clan-PL) ren (they-PL) vyn-e (love-PRS)
English: How many clans do they love?

14) Core Starter Lexicon

Nouns: dom (house) • tora (gate) • kor (clan) • sel (torch/light) • yaz (word) • nal (heart) • hera (friendship) • av (water)
Adjectives: sava (beautiful) • loma (bright) • nara (small) • vada (big) • safa (clean) • taza (new) • sor (fast) • len (slow)
Verbs: sel (shine/light) • es (be/exist) • vyn (love) • gys (bind/secure) • ryl (glow) • zan (know) • daz (see)
Pronouns: mu/mur • tu/tur • ra/ren • in (with muo, muro, tuo, turo, ro, reno, ino; muen, muren, tuen, turen, roen, renen, inen)
Quantifiers: baz • zed • lem • hela (hem) • har • noll
Particles: un (a/an/some) • ke (question) • na (not) • u (and) • o (but) • bar (topic) • ra (please)

15) One-page Cheat Sheet

• Names: Paruri (breath-essence) → Paruvan (breath-voice; formal name of the language) → Korvan (community voice; everyday name).
• Word Order: SVO (Subject–Verb–Object).
  • Object marker: -a → dom-a (house-OBJ)
  • Plural: -im → dom-im (houses)
  • Plural + Object: noun-im-a → dom-im-a (houses-OBJ)
• Definiteness: bare noun = “the”; un = “a/an; some (pl)`.
• Pronouns: mu (I) • mur (we) • tu (you) • tur (you-pl) • ra (they-SG / he / she) • ren (they-PL) • in (it)
  • Possessive: +-o → muo (my), muro (our), tuo (your), turo (your-pl), ro (their-SG), reno (their-PL), ino (its)
  • Reflexive: +-en → muen (myself), muren (ourselves), tuen (yourself), turen (yourselves), roen (themself), renen (themselves), inen (itself)
• Verbs:
  • Infinitive: -on → selon “to light”
  • Present: -e → sel-e “lights”
  • Past: -a → sel-a “lit”
  • Future: ei + INF → ei selon “will light”
  • Imperative: -o → sel-o! “light!”
  • Negation: na + VERB → na sel-e “does not light”
• Adjectives:
  • Default: before noun → sava dom “beautiful house”
  • Emphatic: after noun + -a → dom sava-a “the house is beautiful”
  • Comparative: mar + ADJ → mar sava dom “more beautiful house”
  • Superlative: mar-mar + ADJ → mar-mar sava dom “most beautiful house”
• Questions:
  • Yes/No: Ke ...? → Ke tu sel-e tora-a? “Do you light the gate?”
  • Wh-words:
    • ta what • ki who • kera where • keya when
    • chera why • kela how • kema how many/much
• Quantifiers:
  • baz some • zed many/much • lem few/little
  • hela / hem all • har each/every • noll no/none
• Adverbs:
  • Manner: adjective + -en → soren (quickly), lenen (slowly)
  • Place: era (here), yera (there)
  • Time: nu (now), marnu (today), marpa (yesterday), marfu (tomorrow)
  • Frequency: tem (always), fera (often), soma (sometimes), naya (never)
  • Degree: zar (very), tov (too), ves (enough)

16) Vocabs

17) Example Text — “Rahan Kor” (The Free People)

Mara loma es-a, u shab vada es-a.
(The day was bright, and the night was long.)

Yera, kav-im loma bar rud es-a.
(There, great mountains stood by a shining river.)

Parur kor rahin (es-e); ren gys-e noll tora-a.
(The Parur community was free; they bound no gate.)

Dom-im safa u loma (es-e), u nal-im ryl-e bar hera.
(The houses were clean and bright, and hearts glowed with friendship.)

Shab, ren sel-e sel-a; marnu, ren nav-e bar rud.
(At night they lit torches; by day they sang beside the river.)

Mur vyn-e kor-im-a, u zan-e yaz rahan-a.
(They loved all clans and knew the word “freedom.”)

“Rahan bar kor,” ro gov-e; “har nal loma (es-e).”
(“Freedom upon the people,” said the scholar, “and every heart shines.”)

Bache-im taza nav-e, u ren zan-e rahan-a.
(Newborn children cried, and they knew freedom.)

Ki sel-a tora-a? — Noll.
(Who closed a gate? — No one.)

Chera tu sel-e sel-a? — “Bar har mersa,” ren gov-e saven.
(Why do you light the torch? — “For every guest,” they answered gladly.)

Kera dom-im (es-e)? — Era u yera: bar kav, bar rud, bar dasht.
(Where were the houses? Here and there: on mountains, by the river, across the plains.)

Kor rahes marnu, marpa, u marfu ham.
(The community lived free—today, yesterday, and tomorrow alike.)

Marpa, ren rav-a nima-im-a; marfu, ren ei navon bar hera-a.
(Yesterday they hunted creatures; tomorrow they will sing of friendship.)

Shab, sel-im ryl-e loma, u yaz-im nav-e bar kysman.
(At night, the torches glowed, and the words rose toward the sky.)

Soma, lem gham (es-e); naya, noll omid (es-e).
(Sometimes there was little sorrow; never the absence of hope.)

Zan-gar pir yera (es-e); ro nav-a dastan-a:
(An old scholar stood there and told a tale:)

“Har kor rud (es-e); har rud rah (es-e); u har rah rahan (es-e).”
(“Every community is a river; every river is a path; and every path is freedom.”)

Ren hush-e, u nal-im ryl-e soren.
(They grew silent, and their hearts glowed quickly.)

Dom-im muro loma (es-e); tora-im muro gosha (es-e) hame-ra.
(Our houses were bright; our gates open to everyone.)

Keya tur ei selon sel-a?
(When will you light the torch?)

Ren gov-e: “Ke mersa yera, sel-o sel-a; ke bimar yera, av bar rud daz-o; ke tanha yera, nav-o bar hera-a.”
(They replied: “If a guest arrives, light the torch; if someone is ill, bring water from the river; if someone is alone, sing friendship to them.”)

Bar in, kor rahes tem.
(Thus the community lived freely, always.)

Zed sal-a gozaš-a; yaz-im mar-mar zan-e rahan-a.
(Many years passed, and the people spoke more and more of freedom.)

Bache-im: Kema tora-im (es-e) bar kor?
(Children: “How many gates does the community have?”)

Zan-gar handa-a: “Hela tora-im gosha (es-e), chera rahan nal-im gosha (es-e).”
(The scholar smiled: “All gates are open, for freedom opens the hearts.”)

In yaz, ren nav-e bar bar, u kysman ryl-e.
(These words they sang again and again, and the sky glowed.)

Mara loma (es-e), u shab kotah (es-e).
(The day stayed bright, and the night felt short.)

Mur vyn-e ren, u ren vyn-e mur; u Parur kor — bar rud, bar kav, bar dasht — loma rahes-e.
(We love them, and they love us; and the Parur community—by river, by mountain, and across the plain—lives in bright freedom.)

Version: v0.9.0
Author: Arash Goodarzi
License: Creative Commons Attribution–ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)